statistical method

Statistical method to solving the study of using teaching aid in the relation with student’s interest and student’s understanding in teaching and learning of Cartesian Plane

Introduction

In some research or study of case, there is used some method such as quantitative and qualitative method. For the research that needs some mathematical analysis for its data, so it used quantitative method. One of the most uses in quantitative method is statistical method. Such as in research of psychology that also use quantitative method that is statistical methods to :

· To describe in numerical terms defined aspect of the behavior of individuals: by the refinement of measures

· To describe the characteristics of individuals and groups in terms of these measures

· To describe the relationships among these variables

· To generalize the finding within specifics samples of individuals to wider population

· To predict the behavior of individuals under specified conditions, and

· To estimate the consistency or reliability of information ( Philip H. Dubois, 1965: 1 )

In statistical methods there are two kind of statistics, that are Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The descriptive statistics refers to procedures for the simplifying quantitative information so that the structure or form of the data becomes easier to perceive. And inferential statistics refers to the procedure to analyze data to get the conclusion.

Before show the data, in descriptive statistics there are some ways to get the data, those are: by sampling such as random sampling, areal sampling, systematical sampling, cluster sampling, quota sampling, purposive sampling, proportional sampling or stratified sampling. To get the data it can be done by some technique such as: questionnaire, test, observation, check list, or interview. After get the data then show the data by making the graphic, curve, diagram, chart, or frequency distribution diagram.

After that, the data that we have is counting for some value such as mean, modus, median, variance, etc. the using of statistical methods in this experiment is purposed to test the hypothesis to make the conclusion.

Statistical method in the know the student’s interest and student’ s understanding in learning Cartesian plane by using teaching add.

if we want to know the influence of using teaching add in teaching mathematics ( Cartesian plane ) for student’s interest and student’s understanding by using statistical methods, there are some step that must be done, such as ( Sumitro Djojohadikusumo,1985:18):

· Plan the experiment

Its include the place that the experiment will be done, the person ( student ) as the object of the experiment, and some requirement that needs for the experiment soon. For the example : this experiment will be done for the elementary student in the 5^th grade in SD N Nusawangkal. For this experiment, teacher uses board (as Cartesian plane) and some ball in teaching Cartesian plane for the student.

· Collect the data

To get the data, it can be done by sampling so we must not take the data from all students. We can use questionnaire, interview, observation, or by doing some test for some students to get the data. In this experiment, for the main information that must be taken from the student, that are some information about their impression when the teacher use the teaching add to teach the matery, and about the assessment of study from the student when they learning by using teaching add, and etc. Besides that, there are some three main system of statistical description by numerical methods:

1. Counting, there is nominal scale which is not a scale in the ordinary sense of the word but simply two or more classes in the same general domain. For examples: sex, and race.

2. Rangking, there is ordinal scale which comprises case or categories placed in order, as from high to low, with regard to a characteristic.

3. Averaging and summing, there are interval and ratio scales.

After we get the data, then we must process the data. In descriptive statistics there some numerical methods, such as :

1. Measures of central tendency : mean, median, modus

2. Measures of variability : variance, standard of deviation

3. Measures of variables : the obtain scores are interpreted by means of norms, which are transformations of the scores, standing of the same individual on several variables may be readily compared.

From the data that we have got, then those data are processed by some statistics method above.

· Show the data

Data that we have processed then shown in a diagram, table of frequency distribution, graphic, chart or in the other form. For example we want to show the sum or compare the proportion of student that is interest, interest enough, very interest with the using teaching add in the study or maybe the proportion of the student that enough understand, understand, and more understand the subject by using Cartesian board and ball in teaching learning. By show the data in form of diagram or tables, it makes easier to perceive and understands.

· Analyze and interpret data

When the data has been shown, then it must be analyze to check the first hypothesis in the beginning of experiment, so that we can get the conclusion about the experiment that we have done. To analyze and interpret data we use inferential statistics such as:

1. Statistic assumption method.

2. Testing of statistic hypothesis

3. Regretion and correlation

In this case I will not discuss inferential statistic more far, because there are much kind of testing to make the conclusion. And inferential statistic, its also use mathematical counting to do some testing.

· Making the conclusion.

After the hypothesis has been tested, so it can be made the conclusion. For the example in this experiment, finally it can be concluded that actually by using teaching aid ( board of Cartesian plane and balls ) can improve student’s interest in studying this submatery and it also can make easier for student to understand the matery.

Quantitative ( statistical method )applied to generalization, and gives the accurate conclusion because statistical method uses objectivity not subjectivity.

References

http://js.unikom.ac.id/kualitatif/beda.html

http://ssantoso.blogspot.com/2008/08/format-penelitian-kuantitatif-materi.html

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistik_deskriptif

Dubois, Philip H.1965.An Introduction to Psychological Statistics.United States of America: Harper and Row Publisher

Djojohadikusumo,Sumitro dkk.1985.Pengantar Metode Statistik Jilid 1.Jakarta:LP3ES

Walpole,Ronald E.1995.Pengantar Statistika.Jakarta:PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama

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